英语句子“三长两短一并列”知识清单 一. 什么是“三长两短一并列” 如果把句子的主干比作树干，那么修饰成分就可以比作繁茂的枝叶。若能把这些枝叶(也就是“三长两短”和并列成分)都标记出来，主干自然就清晰了。标记时，只需按照句子顺序，一个挨一个做出标记即可。不过在此之前，我们要先学会每一种成分该从何处标起，又从何处结束。下面将分别对 “三长两短一并列”进行具体介绍，并给出的每一种成分的标记方法。 注意，不同成分应该用不同的标记，如可以给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”加方框，给“并列项”加下划线。 不知不觉背单词 随时随地背单词 新概念英语青少版 二. 给 “三长两短一并列”做标记 1. “三长” (1) 介词短语 【定义】从__________开始到__________结束、表达____________________的结构。 【起止标识】 1. 起点：_______________ 2. 重点：_______________ 【例句】  1. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. 句子结构：__________________________________________________________________________________ 基本句型：__________________________________________________________________________________ 句子翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. 句子结构：__________________________________________________________________________________ 基本句型：__________________________________________________________________________________ 句子翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). 句子结构：__________________________________________________________________________________ 基本句型：__________________________________________________________________________________ 句子翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________ (2) 从句 【定义】从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等连接词引导的非主句部分。 【起止标识】 1. 起点：_______________ 2. 终点： ① _______________，如：Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English). ② _______________，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio. ③ _______________，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.  ④ _______________，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.  2. “两短” (1) 形容词 【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有____________________等后缀。 【常见位置】 ① 一般置于__________之前，如a beautiful park。 ② 修饰______________________________、__________时置于不定代词之后，如“重要的事”应译为_______________________。 (2) 副词 【定义】副词用来修饰______________________________，往往带有__________后缀。 【常见位置】 英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。 ① 可置于__________，如：Unfortunately, he failed to make it. ② 可置于__________，如：The teacher greets his students individually. ③ 可置于______________________________，如： The princess looks extremely beautiful today. He immediately saw the black cat. He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. He can hardly speak anything. ④ 可置于__________，如：There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.